Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Definitions and Historical Context

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science focused on creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Such tasks include problem-solving, understanding language, perception, reasoning, and learning. The concept dates back to the 1950s, with pioneering work by Alan Turing, who proposed the Turing Test as a criterion for machine intelligence.

Over the decades, AI has evolved through various periods of enthusiasm and setbacks, known as AI winters, with recent advancements driven by breakthroughs in machine learning, deep learning, and big data. Today, AI spans applications from virtual assistants and autonomous vehicles to predictive analytics and automation, fundamentally transforming industries.

Understanding AI's core goal—mimicking human-like intelligence—offers insight into its multidisciplinary nature, combining computer science, cognitive science, statistics, and neuroscience.