Designing Robust Database Schemas and Relationships

🧱 Schema Design in PostgreSQL

A well-designed schema is fundamental to an efficient database. In PostgreSQL, schemas define:

• 📋 Tables
• 🔠 Types
• ⚙️ Functions

...organizing data logically.

📐 Use Normalization

Apply normalization principles to:

• 🧹 Minimize redundancy
• ✅ Ensure data integrity

📚 Example: Bookstore Schema

Modeling a bookstore with relationships between tables:

CREATE TABLE authors (
  author_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE books (
  book_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  title VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
  author_id INT REFERENCES authors(author_id)
);

📎 This ensures each book links directly to its author, maintaining referential integrity.

🚀 Optimization Techniques

• 📌 Proper indexing
• 🔐 Constraints (NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY)

🎯 Effective schema design supports query performance, data accuracy, and scalable applications.